1.
Therapeutic Trials In Helminthic Diarrhoea Of Sheep And Goats
by Muhammad Ijaz | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr.Kamran | Dr.Muhammad Avais | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2007Dissertation note: Sheep and goats, although representing an important source of animal protein in third world countries such as Pakistan, seem to have benefited little from veterinary care and production improvement. Although adapted to local climatic and nutritional conditions, economic production of small ruminants is hampered by infectious and parasitic diseases coupled with inadequate management.
A study of gastrointestinal helminthes of sheep and goats in Lahore has been conducted, covering a period of 3 month (September to November, 2007). During this study the infection rate of GIT helminthes that causing diarrhoea in sheep and goat was studied a total of 300 animals (n=l 50 sheep, n1 50 goats). The animals presented at the Outdoor Hospital, LXepartment of Clinical Medicine and Surgery (CMS) and various private and government hospitals were examined for the presence of helminthes. The faecal samples were collected and examined by Direct Smear Method and Salt Flotation technique for the presence of helrninth eggs, where as McMaster technique was used for EPG count to determine the drug efficacy. The result of present study revealed an overall infection rate of GIT Helminthes (66.34%) in sheep and goats. When compared the infection rate of GIT Helminthes in animals species it was found that the infection rate of GIT Helminthes is higher in sheep (70.67%) as compared to goats (62%). When compared the class wise infection rate of GIT Helminthes in sheep, an increased infection rate of Nematodes (54.67%) was observed followed by Trematodes (14.67%) and Cestodes (1.34%). Similar patten was observed in case of goats for Nematodes (48%), Trematodes (10%) and Cestodes (4%). Following species of helminthes were recovered and identified.
Haemonch us con tortus Strongylus papillosus, Trichiuris globulosa, Trichostrongylus spp. Ostertagia circumcinta.
Two species of Trematode and oae species of Cestode was recorded during the present study that was Fasciola hepatica, Cotylophoron cotylophorum and Mon iezia expansa, respectively. Among the Nematodes Haemonchus contortus was recorded to be the highest in sheep and goats with an incidence of (40%) and (28%), respectively followed by other Nernatodes of sheep, Strongylus papillosus (4%), Trichiuris globulosa (2.67%), Ostertagia circurncinta (2.67%), Trichostrongylus spp (1.34%), respectively. Trematodes and Cestodes recorded in sheep were Fasciola hepatica (14.67%), Cotylophoron cotylophoruin (4%) and Moniezia expansa (1.34%), respectively. The Nematodes species of goats were found as Haemonchus contortus (28%), Strongylus papillosus (6%), Trichiuris globulosa (4.67%), Trichostrongylus spp (1.34%). Ostertagia circuincinta (2.67%). Trernatodes species in goats was Fasciola hepatica (10%), Cotylophoron cotylophoron (6.67%) and Cestodes were Moniezia expansa (4%).
The efficacy of Ricobendazole (albendazole sulphoxide) was reported to be (67%), (90%) and (98%) at day 3, 7 and 14, respectively. The efficacy of Ricobendazole was higher than Albcndazole (47%), (88%) and (96%) at day 3, 7 and 14, respectively. Lowest efficacy of Garlic powder against helminth parasites was reported as (8%), (16%) and (2 1%) at day 3, 7 and 14, respectively. When compared day wise as well group wise efficacy of Albendazole, Ricobendazole and Garlic powder shows the significant difference (p<O.O5) was reported among the groups. Ricobendazole reduced the EPG significantly followed by Albendazole and Garlic powder compared with control positive group.
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2.
Therapeutic Study Of Trichomoniasis In Pigeons
by Muhammad Umar Farooq (2002-VA-78) | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr.Syed Saleem Ahmad | Prof. Dr.Kamran Ashraf.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Trichomoniasis in birds is caused by the flagellated protozoan Trichomonas spp. In pigeons, it causes a condition known as ''canker''. The causative agent is Trichomonas gallinae.
The trichomoniasis is a one of the major protozoal diseases of pigeons and other members of the columbiformes family like doves etc. Common signs include diarrhea, anorexia, ruffled feathers and listlessness. A severe weight loss is one of the characteristic sign accompanied by appearance of cheesy mass in the buccal cavity.
On microscopic examination flagellated protozoan confirm the diagnosis. The transmission is either from parents to the offsprings while feeding or from the drinkers and feeders in colony keeping systems. Sometimes raptors and other birds of prey feeding on pigeons may get infection, after eating the infected prey. Trichomoniasis can occur at any time of the year, in the young squabs so a serious problem to the squab industry.
The prevalence of trichomoniasis can range upto 80% however in the present study it was found to be 19% in total.
In the present study included analysis of Trichomonas gallinae prevalence in pigeons. To evaluate this 125 pigeons were collected from various lofts and pet shops in district Lahore and were examined macroscopically for gross signs and microscopically for parasite prevalence. Prevalence was found to be highest in summer season , and in female pigeons. However certain breeds were found to be relatively more susceptible, than others.
The metronidazole was 100% effective in naturally infected pigeons with Trichomonas gallinae when it is given orally in a dose of 100 mg / pigeon for seven days (Abd El-Motelib and Galal, 1993 and Aydin et al, 2000), and 1gm / liter for five successive days (Shihata, 1978)
For comparing various therapeutic agents 4 groups of 10 birds each were used, first three groups A,B & C included naturally infected birds were treated with medicine while 4th group D included 10 birds remained untreated. In the end the efficacy of the two therapeutic drugs Metronidazole, Secindazole and one herbal agent Garlic was evaluated.
The data of the therapeutic part of the study was analyzed by ANOVA, the treatment groups were divided into 4 groups in which the pigeon were randomly placed.
Pretreatment (0 day) the buccal mucosa were analyzed and Post-treatment twice analysis were performed at 4 days and at 7 days data was analyzed using ANOVA.
Group A was Given Metronidazole at the dose rate of 100mg / day for seven days and showed the 100% recovery among the pigeons at day 4.
Group B was given Secindazole at a dose rate of 50mg single dose at day 01 only and showed 60% of the recovery at 4th day and 100% of bird recovery at 7th day.
Group C was given garlic extract approximately 200 mg / day for seven days and showed 50% of the recovery at 4th day and 70% of bird recovery at 7th day.
Group D was control thought out the study period.
Among all therapeutic groups the group A was the most significant p> 0.05(0.00a) than group B, C & D. group B is significant p< 0.05(0.16b) than group C & D, Group c is significant P<0.05(0.15b) than group D.
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